Inorganic ntsev yog cov sib xyaw ua ke tsim los ntawm ionic bonds ntawm cov hlau cations (los yog ammonium ions) thiab inorganic anions. Kev faib tawm thoob plaws hauv cov xwm txheej thiab cov khoom siv dag zog, lawv ruaj khov thiab muaj ntau yam sib txawv, ua si lub luag haujlwm tsis hloov hauv kev txhawb nqa lub neej, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim khoom lag luam, thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Raws li chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj ionic yam tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon-hydrogen bonds, cov ntsev inorganic muaj nyob rau hauv crystalline lossis hmoov. Nyob rau hauv aqueous daws, lawv dissociate rau hauv nqi hais, koom nyob rau hauv ntau yam txheej txheem xws li conductivity, catalysis, osmotic siab regulation, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm biological lug.
Chemically, cov cations nyob rau hauv cov ntsev inorganic feem ntau suav nrog alkali hlau (xws li sodium thiab potassium), alkaline ntiaj teb hlau (xws li calcium thiab magnesium), hloov hlau (xws li hlau, zinc, thiab tooj liab), thiab ammonium ions. Cov anions suav nrog halide ions (chlorine, bromine, thiab iodine), oxyacid anions (sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, thiab carbonate), thiab yooj yim anions (hydroxyl thiab sulfide ions, thiab lwm yam). Lub vojvoog, kev them nqi ceev, thiab polarizability ntawm cov ions sib txawv txiav txim siab lub zog lattice, solubility, thiab hydration zog ntawm inorganic ntsev, yog li cuam tshuam rau lawv cov khoom siv physicochemical thiab kev siv. Piv txwv li, sodium chloride, vim nws qhov zoo- sib luag ionic vojvoog thiab lub zog hydration nruab nrab, muaj solubility hauv dej, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb electrolyte rau kev tswj lub cev kua osmotic siab thiab paj hlwb transduction; calcium carbonate, vim nws tsis tshua muaj solubility thiab alkalinity, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv tsev cov ntaub ntawv thiab raws li lub plab acid neutralizer.
Hauv kev ua neej nyob, cov ntsev inorganic yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes thiab homeostasis. Sodium thiab potassium ions tswj kev so thiab kev ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm los ntawm cov twj tso kua mis ion thiab cov channel ntawm cov cell membranes, ua kom cov paj hlwb xa mus thiab cov leeg nqaij; calcium ions tsis tsuas yog koom nrog cov pob txha thiab cov hniav mineralization tab sis kuj ua raws li cov tub txib thib ob hauv coagulation cascades, neurotransmitter tso tawm, thiab cell teeb liab transduction; magnesium ions yog cofactors rau ntau enzymes thiab koom nrog ATP metabolism thiab nucleic acid synthesis; hlau ions, raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm hemoglobin thiab cytochromes, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj oxygen thiab hloov hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, phosphates yog cov qauv ntawm nucleic acids, phospholipids, thiab ATP; sulfates koom rau hauv cov metabolism ntawm leej faj-muaj cov amino acids; thiab chloride ions ua haujlwm nrog sodium ions los tswj cov kua dej hauv lub cev thiab cov kua qaub- puag ncig. Kev tsis txaus lossis ntau dhau ntawm qee cov ntsev inorganic tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob metabolic, xws li hypokalemia ua rau arrhythmias thiab hypercalcemia cuam tshuam nrog neuromuscular excitability.
Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, cov ntsev inorganic yog cov chiv tseem ceeb thiab cov av txias. Macronutrient inorganic ntsev xws li nitrogen, phosphorus, thiab poov tshuaj (xws li ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, thiab potassium chloride) ncaj qha muab cov as-ham uas xav tau rau kev loj hlob qoob loo; lawv solubility thiab tso tawm tus nqi cuam tshuam rau fertilizer efficiency thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm poob. Nruab nrab-natural inorganic ntsev xws li calcium, magnesium, thiab sulfur tuaj yeem kho cov av tsis txaus thiab txhim kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo thiab kev ntxhov siab. Micronutrient inorganic ntsev xws li hlau, zinc, boron, thiab manganese, txawm hais tias yuav tsum muaj tsawg, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzyme thiab cov photosynthesis; deficiency tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob physiological hauv cov qoob loo. Kev siv cov chiv ntsev inorganic yuav tsum yog raws li kev ntsuas av thiab cov qoob loo uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob siv ntau dhau uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov av compaction, eutrophication ntawm cov dej hauv lub cev, lossis hnyav hlau hnyav.
Hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, cov ntsev inorganic yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws, metallurgy, chemical engineering, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Sulfates thiab chlorides yog cov precursors rau kev npaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw tshuaj xws li sulfuric acid thiab hydrochloric acid; sodium carbonate thiab sodium bicarbonate yog siv los ua pH adjusters thiab foaming agents hauv iav manufacturing, ua zaub mov, thiab detergent ntau lawm; hlau ntsev (xws li tooj liab sulfate thiab ferric chloride) tuaj yeem siv los ua flocculants hauv kev kho dej, cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj electroplating, lossis catalysts; silicates (xws li sodium silicate) ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib txuas thiab siab -kub tsis kam hauv tsev nplaum thiab cov ntaub ntawv refractory. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov ntsev inorganic, vim lawv qhov tshwj xeeb kho qhov muag, hluav taws xob, lossis cov khoom sib nqus, yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv fluorescent, roj teeb electrolytes, thiab cov khoom sib nqus.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, cov ntsev inorganic feem ntau yog siv los ua cov qauv, cov khoom tsis sib xws, lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm. Hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam chemistry, siab -purity inorganic ntsev yog siv los npaj cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem thiab ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas. Hauv kev sim biochemical, phosphate tsis daws teeb meem, nrog lawv cov pKa ze rau lub cev pH thiab kho lub zog ionic, feem ntau yog siv los tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, inorganic ntsev template txoj kev yog siv los ua ke cov khoom ntxeem tau thiab nanostructures, tswj cov morphology thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom.
Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntsev inorganic yuav tsum tau ceev faj tiv thaiv cov dej noo thiab kev sib cais los ntawm cov khoom paug thaum khaws cia thiab siv. Qee cov ntsev hygroscopic (xws li calcium chloride) yuav tsum tau kaw cia kom tsis txhob muaj clumping. Cov kua qaub muaj zog thiab muaj zog hauv paus ntsev daws yog corrosive, yuav tsum tau ceev faj tuav kom zoo. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm ntsuab chemistry thiab kev lag luam ncig, kev rov ua dua thiab siv cov ntsev inorganic (xws li rov qab cov hlau hnyav ntsev los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab rho tawm magnesium ntsev los ntawm seawater desalination byproducts) tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txo cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig thiab ua tiav kev siv peev txheej.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, inorganic ntsev, nrog lawv cov khoom ionic thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa lub neej, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim khoom lag luam, thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Kev nkag siab tob dua ntawm nws cov khoom sib xyaw- qauv- kev sib raug zoo ntawm vaj tse thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev npaj thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem yuav muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis hauv ntau qhov chaw.